Dr. Ahmad Belhaj Jrad
Associate Professor of Civil Law
Police College, State of Qatar

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence is considered the highest degree of technological innovation due to its characteristics mainly represented in independence, deep self-learning, and artificial neural networks, which are still in their infancy, and have led to many legal problems including raising discussion regarding their legal nature : does the thing that is characterized by these characteristics remain preserving its legal nature, or is it more appropriate for it to have a third class of legal persons?
The risk of assigning legal personality to artificial intelligence in order to confront the problems that arise at the level of civil liability resulting from its act and to ensure a significant protection for it as a right holder, predict the occurrence of many negative results that will be referred to, including their extent and alertness to their risks within a comparative analytical approach that draws attention to the extent of the scientific data available regarding developments in artificial intelligence technology, so as to highlight the legal difficulties that impede the assignment of legal personality to artificial intelligence on the one hand, and the futility of this personality assuming that the foregoing difficulties have been overcome on the other hand.
In order to conclude that the objective nature of this developed technology is considered a sufficient mechanism to protect it and to facilitate the ways of rooting the responsibility resulting from its action, in order to avoid the strange results that occur whenever it is assigned the legal personality that it was never in need of, but rather it is necessary to surround it with sufficient measures to facilitate the means of research and investment in its affairs and encourage the segments of society to accept it, formulate rules to ensure avoiding the risks resulting from its use and find ways to redress them whenever they arise, in addition to the definite need to consolidate and try to unify the major trends regarding the rules of ethics of technological innovations.

Keywords: Legal personality, artificial intelligence, intelligent robot, civil liability of digital person, and immaterial thing.

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